Verb-এর সঠিক রূপ বসানোর নিয়ম

Verb-এর সঠিক রূপ বসানোর নিয়ম (Subject-Verb Agreement) বুঝতে হলে কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়ম অনুসরণ করতে হবে। নিচে ধাপে ধাপে বিষয়গুলো ব্যাখ্যা করা হলো:

1. Subject অনুযায়ী Verb এর রূপ পরিবর্তন

Singular Subject হলে verb-এর s / es যুক্ত হয়।
Plural Subject হলে verb-এর মূল রূপ (base form) ব্যবহৃত হয়।

উদাহরণ:

• He plays football. (He = singular, তাই ‘play’ → ‘plays’)
• They play football. (They = plural, তাই ‘play’ অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে)

2. Tense অনুযায়ী Verb-এর ব্যবহার

Verb-এর রূপ প্রধানত তিনটি ভাগে বিভক্ত:

1. Present (বর্তমান) → Play / Plays
2. Past (অতীত) → Played
3. Past Participle (পারফেক্ট ও প্যাসিভে ব্যবহৃত) → Played

উদাহরণ:

• I write a letter. (Present)
• I wrote a letter yesterday. (Past)
• I have written a letter. (Present Perfect)

3. Helping Verb-এর সাথে Main Verb-এর রূপ

• Has / Have / Had এর পরে Past Participle বসবে।
  • He has gone to school.
  • They had finished the work.
• Is / Am / Are / Was / Were এর পরে Verb+ing বসবে (Continuous Tense)।
  • She is reading a book.
  • They were playing football.

4. Modal Verb (Can, Could, May, Might, Shall, Should, Will, Would, Must) এর পরে Base Form বসবে

উদাহরণ:

• He can swim well. (ভুল: He can swims)
• You must study regularly.

5. Negative Sentence-এ Do/Does/Did ব্যবহারের নিয়ম

• Present Simple Tense → Doesn’t / Don’t + Base Form
  • He doesn’t eat meat. (ভুল: He doesn’t eats)
  • They don’t play cricket.
• Past Simple Tense → Didn’t + Base Form
  • She didn’t go to school. (ভুল: She didn’t went)

6. যদি “Each, Every, Either, Neither, Someone, Nobody” থাকে, তাহলে Singular Verb বসবে

উদাহরণ:

• Each boy has a book.
• Nobody knows the answer.

7. “There is” vs. “There are”

• There is + Singular Noun → There is a cat.
• There are + Plural Noun → There are many cats.

 Verb-এর সঠিক রূপ বসানোর আরও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়ম

এখানে আরও কিছু বিশেষ নিয়ম দেওয়া হলো, যা Class 9-এর জন্য Subject-Verb Agreement এবং Tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে কাজে আসবে:

 

8. Collective Noun অনুযায়ী Verb-এর ব্যবহার

যদি একটি দলকে একক সত্তা হিসেবে ধরা হয়, তবে Singular Verb বসবে।
যদি দলের সদস্যদের পৃথক পৃথক বোঝানো হয়, তবে Plural Verb বসবে।

উদাহরণ:

• The team is playing well. (একটি দল হিসেবে)
• The team are arguing among themselves. (প্রত্যেকে আলাদা ব্যক্তি হিসেবে)

 

9. Infinitive (To + Verb) এবং Gerund (Verb + ing) এর ব্যবহার

Infinitive (To + Base Form)

• I want to eat an apple.
• She likes to dance.

Gerund (Verb + ing)

• Swimming is good for health.
• He enjoys reading books.

“Like, Love, Enjoy, Hate, Prefer” এর পরে Gerund বসে।

• She enjoys singing. (ভুল: She enjoys to sing.)

 

10. যদি দুটি Subject “and” দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে

যদি দুটি আলাদা ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু থাকে, তবে Plural Verb বসবে।

• Rina and Mina are best friends.

যদি দুটি শব্দ একটিই ব্যক্তি বা ধারণাকে বোঝায়, তবে Singular Verb বসবে।

• Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast.
• Time and tide waits for none.

 

11. Either…or / Neither…nor এর ক্ষেত্রে Verb

Verb বসবে কাছের (nearest) Subject অনুযায়ী।

উদাহরণ:

• Either the teacher or the students are responsible. (students = plural, তাই “are”)
• Neither the boys nor the girl is present. (girl = singular, তাই “is”)

 

12. “Many a” + Singular Noun হলে Singular Verb বসবে

• Many a student wants to succeed.
• Many a soldier has fought bravely.

 

13. Some, All, Most, None-এর ক্ষেত্রে Noun অনুযায়ী Verb বসবে

• Some of the water is in the glass. (Water = uncountable, তাই Singular)
• Some of the students are absent. (Students = countable, তাই Plural)
• None of the boys is/are present. (দুইভাবেই ব্যবহার করা যায়)

 

14. If-Clause (Conditionals) এর Verb-এর ব্যবহার

First Conditional (Possible Future Condition)

• If you study, you will pass.
• If she calls, I will answer.

Second Conditional (Unreal Present/Future Condition)

• If I were a bird, I would fly.
• If he had money, he would buy a car.

Third Conditional (Unreal Past Condition)

• If she had studied, she would have passed.

“If I were” সবসময় “were” হবে, “was” নয়।

• ভুল: If I was a bird…
• সঠিক: If I were a bird…

 

15. “Wish” ও “As if” বাক্যে Past Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়

• I wish I were a millionaire.
• He speaks as if he knew everything.

 

16. “Had better, Would rather, Let, Make, Help” এর পরে Base Form বসবে

• You had better go now.
• I would rather stay at home.
• Let me do this work.
• She made me cry.
• He helped me complete the project.

 

17. Since / For এর ক্ষেত্রে Tense-এর ব্যবহার

Since + নির্দিষ্ট সময় → Present Perfect / Past Perfect

• I have lived here since 2010.
• He had been working there since last year.

For + সময়ের পরিমাণ → Present Perfect / Past Perfect

• She has been studying for two hours.
• They had waited for a long time.

 

18. “It is time” এর পরে Past Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়

• It is time you went to bed.
• It is high time we started the meeting.

 

19. Hardly / Scarcely / No sooner-এর ক্ষেত্রে Inversion হয়

Hardly/Scarcely + had + Subject + Past Participle…when + Past Simple

• Hardly had I reached home when it started raining.

No sooner + had + Subject + Past Participle…than + Past Simple

• No sooner had he left the house than it started raining.

 

20. The number of vs. A number of

The number of + Plural Noun + Singular Verb

• The number of students is increasing.

A number of + Plural Noun + Plural Verb

• A number of students are absent.

 

 Verb-এর সঠিক রূপ বসানোর আরও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়ম (Advanced Rules)

Class 9-এর জন্য Verb ব্যবহারের আরও কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়ম নিচে দেওয়া হলো। এগুলো সঠিকভাবে শিখলে ইংরেজি গ্রামারে দক্ষতা বাড়বে।

 

21. Present Participle (Verb + ing) ও Past Participle-এর পার্থক্য

Present Participle (V+ing) → Continuous Tense, Adjective হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Past Participle (V3) → Perfect Tense, Passive Voice, এবং Adjective হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

উদাহরণ:

• She is writing a letter. (Present Participle → Continuous Tense)
• The written letter is on the table. (Past Participle → Adjective)

 

22. “Would you mind” ও “Do you mind” এর পরে Verb + ing বসে

• Would you mind opening the door? (ভুল: Would you mind to open the door?)
• Do you mind waiting for a moment?

23. Preposition-এর পরে Verb-এর ing ফর্ম বসে

• He is good at singing. (ভুল: He is good at sing.)
• They are interested in learning English.

Exception: Preposition “to” যদি Infinitive (to + verb) হয়, তাহলে Base Form বসবে।

• I want to go home. (Infinitive)
• He is looking forward to meeting you. (Preposition-এর পরে Gerund)

 

24. Had + Past Participle = Past Perfect Tense

Structure: Subject + had + V3 + Object

• I had finished my homework before my mom came.
• He had already left when I arrived.

 

25. Passive Voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে Verb-এর ব্যবহার

Active: He writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by him.

Active: She has finished the work.
Passive: The work has been finished by her.

Passive Structure:

• Present Simple → is/am/are + V3
• Past Simple → was/were + V3
• Present Perfect → has/have been + V3
• Future → will be + V3

 

26. “Let, Make, See, Hear, Feel, Watch” এর পরে Bare Infinitive (Verb-এর Base Form) বসে

• She made me cry.
• I saw him run in the park.
• We heard her sing beautifully.

Passive হলে To + Verb বসবে:

• He was made to cry.
• She was seen to dance.

 

27. “Suggest, Recommend, Advise, Insist, Demand” এর পরে Gerund বা Subjunctive ব্যবহার হয়

• I suggest going there. (Gerund)
• I suggest that he go there. (Subjunctive)

Subjunctive হলে “he go”, “she be” ইত্যাদি বসবে, “goes” বা “is” নয়।

 

28. After / Before / While + Verb + ing

• Before leaving, turn off the lights.
• After finishing the work, he went home.
• While watching TV, I fell asleep.

 

29. Would Rather / Had Better + Base Form

• I would rather stay at home.
• You had better leave now.

ভুল: I would rather to stay at home. (❌

30. Hope / Want / Expect / Plan / Decide / Agree / Refuse + To + Verb

• I hope to win the match.
• She wants to learn English.
• He decided to go abroad.

Exception: “Hope” এর পরে that-clause থাকলে To + Verb হবে না।

• I hope that I win the match.

 

31. Prevent / Stop / Keep + Object + From + Verb + ing

• The rain prevented us from going outside.
• His parents stopped him from smoking.

 

32. No / Not / Never + Verb এর বিশেষ ব্যবহার

• He is no longer living here.
• She never speaks rudely.
• I do not know the answer.

“No” ও “Not” এর পার্থক্য:

• No money was found. (No + noun)
• I have not found any money. (Not + verb)

 

33. Certain Verbs এর পরে Both Infinitive এবং Gerund ব্যবহার করা যায়, কিন্তু অর্থ পরিবর্তন হয়

Stop:

• I stopped smoking. (ধূমপান পুরোপুরি ছেড়ে দিয়েছি)
• I stopped to smoke. (আমি ধূমপান করার জন্য থামলাম)

Try:

• I tried calling him. (আমি কল করেছিলাম, কিন্তু সম্ভবত ধরেনি)
• I tried to call him. (আমি কল করার চেষ্টা করেছিলাম, কিন্তু ব্যর্থ হয়েছি)

Remember:

• I remember locking the door. (আমার মনে আছে দরজা বন্ধ করেছিলাম)
• I remember to lock the door. (আমি দরজা বন্ধ করার কথা মনে রাখি)

34. Too…to এবং So…that এর মধ্যে পার্থক্য

• The bag is too heavy to carry. (অতিরিক্ত ভারী, তাই বহন করা সম্ভব নয়)
• The bag is so heavy that I can’t carry it. (এত ভারী যে আমি বহন করতে পারছি না)

 

35. Would you like / Do you want এর পরে To + Verb বসে

• Would you like to have some coffee?
• Do you want to go to the park?